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Community

Engage with your extended Wolfram family.

Learn

Learn more about Wolfram Syndrome.

Donate

Find out ways you can donate!

Events

Check out our upcoming events.

Community

Engage with your extended Wolfram family.

What is Wolfram Syndrome?

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder; the mother and the father must each pass one affected copy of the gene to the child.  WS is a rare genetic disease that historically has been thought to occur in approximately 1/200,000 to 1/500,000 people: more recent data suggests WS may be 10 times more common, with a spectrum of disease presentation. Syndrome variants include WS1, WS2, and WFS1-related disorder.

WS is often difficult to diagnose, with progressive symptoms occurring at a variable rate in each affected individual. Between the ages of 5 and 16 people with WS typically first develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Most go on to develop optic nerve atrophy and vision impairment. Nearly half will develop sensorineural hearing loss, and nearly as many will develop diabetes insipidus. Unlike common types of diabetes, people with WS often go on to develop blindness, deafness and other neurologic disturbances at a young age. WS can also lead to psychological and behavioral issues, loss of senses of smell and taste, problems with balance and coordination, muscle spasms and seizures, urinary and gastrointestinal problems, and irregular breathing.

There are currently no drug therapies or cures that exist for WS. Treatment focuses on symptom management. More than 60% of Wolfram patients die before age 40.

©The Snow Foundation Peripheral neuropathyAutonomic nervous system dysfunction heat/cold intolerance rapid heart rate Peripheral Nervous System Ulcers(Wolfram syndrome type 2)Bleeding(Wolfram syndrome type 2)Esophageal dysfunctionBowel dysmotility(chronic constipation or diarrhea) Gastrointestinal System Reduced testosterone(males)Urinary hesitancy Urinary incontinence Bladder dysfunctionHydronephrosis / hydroureterUrinary tract infections (UTIs) Urogenital System Insulin shortage(diabetes mellitus)Pituitary gland dysfunction(diabetes insipidus)Hormone deficiencies/growth delay Endocrine System Hearing lossBalance & coordination problemsIrregular breathingNeurodegenerationLoss of sense of smellNeuropsychiatric symptomsLoss of gag reflexMuscle spasmsSeizuresDepressionAnxietySleep disturbance Central Nervous System Vision lossCataracts Ophthalmologic System The Effects of Wolfram Syndrome

Our Mission

The Snow Foundation is a collective voice for Wolfram syndrome patients, working towards a cure for Wolfram syndrome and the development of novel therapies for diabetes, vision loss, hearing loss, and neurodegeneration.

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Our Story

In the fall of 2010, Raquel Gebel, the five-year-old daughter of Stephanie Snow Gebel, was diagnosed with Wolfram syndrome. When Stephanie learned that no drug therapies or cures existed for this disease, she knew she had to do something. So, Stephanie and her brother J.T. Snow, a former San Francisco Giants first baseman and six-time Gold Glove winner, started The Snow Foundation to serve as a collective voice for Wolfram syndrome patients and raise money to help find a cure.

The Snow Foundation is the largest independent supporter of Wolfram syndrome (WS) research in the world, playing a central role in advancing international collaborative WS research efforts. The Snow Foundation is leading a global movement of patients, families, doctors, and researchers who work together to improve the lives of everyone affected by Wolfram syndrome.

The Foundation has three strategic pillars guiding its impact:
1. Accelerate the research and development process for effective treatments for Wolfram syndrome and its various symptoms.

2. Connect people affected by Wolfram syndrome with the information and resources they need to decrease symptoms of WS, slow disease progression, and live healthier, fulfilling lives.

3. Mobilize the Wolfram syndrome community to generate resources to maximize the progress and impact of WS research.

Latest Articles

A Hidden Diagnosis: Neurogenic Bladder Leading to Acute Kidney Failure in Wolfram Syndrome

Publication: cureus.com | Publication Date: 6 May 2025 Authors: Nadia Echcharii, Nabila Chekhlabi, Amal Haoudar, Nezha Dini Abstract Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive…

A Rare Case of Wolfram Syndrome in a 27-Year-Old Male From Nepal

Publication: cureus.com | Publication Date: 25 October 2025 Authors: Tej P. Shah, Richard Sidlow, Prem K. Sah Abstract Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and progressive…

Expanding the spectrum of white matter abnormalities in Wolfram syndrome: A retrospective review

Publication: frontiersin.org | Publication Date: 14 October 2025 Authors: Justin Simo, Heather M. Lugar, Elka Miller, Adi Wilf-Yarkoni, Yael Goldberg, Ayça Kocaağa, Shoichi Ito, Sirio Cocozza, Giulio Frontino, Cristina Baldoli, Aziz Benbachir,…

Non-syndromic WFS1 mutations are not a rare cause of diabetes in Pakistan

Publication: onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Publication Date: 29 April 2025 Authors: Ibrar Rafique, Asif Mir, Natalija Popovic, Alix Vanpoperinghe, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Asher Fawwad, Abdul Basit, Muhammad Naeem, Constantin Polychronakos,…

Gonadal function in males with WFS1 spectrum disorder (Wolfram syndrome)—A European cohort perspective

Publication: onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Publication Date: 29 April 2025 Authors: J. Rohayem and O. Cunningham Abstract Background WFS1 spectrum disorder, also known as Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare (

GABA and GLP-1 receptor agonist combination therapy modifies diabetes and Langerhans islet cytoarchitecture in a rat model of Wolfram syndrome

Publication: biomedcentral.com | Publication Date: 06 March 2025 Authors: Jagomäe, T., Velling, S., Tikva, T.B. et al. Abstract Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal disorder caused by WFS1 gene mutations, currently lacking approved…

A Hidden Diagnosis: Neurogenic Bladder Leading to Acute Kidney Failure in Wolfram Syndrome

Publication: cureus.com | Publication Date: 6 May 2025 Authors: Nadia Echcharii, Nabila Chekhlabi, Amal Haoudar, Nezha Dini Abstract Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive…

A Rare Case of Wolfram Syndrome in a 27-Year-Old Male From Nepal

Publication: cureus.com | Publication Date: 25 October 2025 Authors: Tej P. Shah, Richard Sidlow, Prem K. Sah Abstract Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and progressive…

Expanding the spectrum of white matter abnormalities in Wolfram syndrome: A retrospective review

Publication: frontiersin.org | Publication Date: 14 October 2025 Authors: Justin Simo, Heather M. Lugar, Elka Miller, Adi Wilf-Yarkoni, Yael Goldberg, Ayça Kocaağa, Shoichi Ito, Sirio Cocozza, Giulio Frontino, Cristina Baldoli, Aziz Benbachir,…

Non-syndromic WFS1 mutations are not a rare cause of diabetes in Pakistan

Publication: onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Publication Date: 29 April 2025 Authors: Ibrar Rafique, Asif Mir, Natalija Popovic, Alix Vanpoperinghe, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Asher Fawwad, Abdul Basit, Muhammad Naeem, Constantin Polychronakos,…

Gonadal function in males with WFS1 spectrum disorder (Wolfram syndrome)—A European cohort perspective

Publication: onlinelibrary.wiley.com | Publication Date: 29 April 2025 Authors: J. Rohayem and O. Cunningham Abstract Background WFS1 spectrum disorder, also known as Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare (

GABA and GLP-1 receptor agonist combination therapy modifies diabetes and Langerhans islet cytoarchitecture in a rat model of Wolfram syndrome

Publication: biomedcentral.com | Publication Date: 06 March 2025 Authors: Jagomäe, T., Velling, S., Tikva, T.B. et al. Abstract Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal disorder caused by WFS1 gene mutations, currently lacking approved…

Illness Without a Cure

There are currently no drug therapies or cures that exist for Wolfram syndrome. As a result, more than 60% of Wolfram patients die before age 40.

International Partners

AFASW
wolfram syndrome association
Gentian
eye hope foundation
Wolfram Syndrome UK

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